HMO vs PPO vs EPO: how to choose a health plan

The plan letters mostly describe how you access doctors. HMO: lower cost, you pick a primary doctor and need referrals, little/no out-of-network coverage. PPO: more flexibility and out-of-network coverage, higher premium. EPO: a middle ground — no referrals, but in-network only.

Pick by behavior

• Want lowest cost and don't mind referrals? HMO.
• Want freedom to see specialists and travel? PPO.
• Want no referrals but okay staying in-network? EPO.